Upright  Fathah, Kasra and inverted  Thamma

Upright Fathah

An upright Fathah  placed over a letter is an alternative method to write Fathah Alif (a  long vowel)  thus or will produce the same sound.

PRACTICE EXAMPLE

Upright Kasra

An upright Kasra placed below  a letter is an alternative way to write Kasra with Ya ,(sukun a long vowel) thus  or will produce the same sound.

PRACTICE EXAMPLE

Inverted Thamma (pesh)

An inverted Thamma  placed over a letter is an alternative way to write Thamma with Waw ,sukun, (a long vowel) thus   or  will produce the same sound.

PRACTICE EXAMPLE

In Arabic the long vowels Alif, Waw Ya  , in some circumstances, may be represented by these signs