SYLLABLES

RULES:

In Arabic a syllables may be formed using following rules:

(1)    any letter which has its own  short vowels sign   and next letter has no  sukun (Jazm) or Shaddah (Tashdid) signs , in another word -  has its own short vowel sign,  this letter will pronounce itself or form a single syllable (exception Alif  see rule 2 below)

(2)    Any letter with Fatah   (Zebr), short vowel,  and next letter is  empty Alif  , both letter form a single syllable,  in this case one must slightly lighten the vowel (see rule of long vowel Fatha)

(3)     Any letter with short vowels     followed by a letter with   or (sukun or tasheed) in such case one must link both letter and form single syllable.  
  (i) This rule is also applicable to two separate word, in such case you link both words 
 (ii) letters without any sign are ignore for this rule
 (iii)  exception : certain punctuated mark.     

Note In Arabic, A word  may not begin with an un-vowelled letter or jazm  nor can a letter come together without a vowel between them

Letter Alif is the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, 

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)  Final letter in a verse:  The final letter with short vowel in a verse is generraly omited example

Alif is also play role as a long vowel

The sound of letter Alif and Hamza is identical 

When a harkah or short ovwel signs over letter Alif  it is not called Alif but Hamzah
If there is no vowel signs over Alif then is simply Alif
The Holy Qur'an printed in sub-continent Indo_Pak instead of prining Hamzah over Alif (where a hamzah comes in the middle of a word and is shown riding an Alif such as  ) it is simply donoted by sukun sign and Hamzah is pronounced.  Bt in the copies of the Holy Qur'an  printed in Egypt, trukey Saudi Arabic and elsewhere a Hazah with a suku is actually priinted over Alif and  this is in fact, is the correct script. example

It should be understood that Alif is always Sakin and is never the first letter in a word.  It always comes after another letter, wheras Hamzah may and generally does come as the first letter in a word.

There are (17) Makharij (points of articulation) in the Arabic language.

The first letter of the Arabic alphabet, called HAMZAH OR ALIF

Hamza resembling the head of an  Ayn  namely This character, hardly comes alone; it sits on the alif or on the waw or on the Ya making one of these combinations.

When Alif which serves as a long vowel, comes at the end of a word, its is to be written YA unless it is the third letter in the word and is not converted from an original YA 

A final alif serving as a long vowel retains its shape only in one case; if it third component character fo a word and is not regard as converted Alif from a original Ya as in (daaa)   Otherwise the Alif is to be written Ya 

wHEN AFIT WHICH SERVES AS A LONG VOWEL, COMES AT THE END OF A WORD , IT IS TO BE WRITTEN YA

The Arabic letters are twenty-nine (29) in number.  According to the agreed upon view of scholars, grammarians and phoneticians including Khalil Nahwi and Allamah Jazri. 

Combined exercises